The harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis: global perspectives on invasion history and ecology
Helen E. Roy
(1)
,
Peter M. J. Brown
(2)
,
Tim Adriaens
(3)
,
Nick Berkvens
(4)
,
Isabel Borges
(5)
,
Susana Clusella-Trullas
(6, 7)
,
Richard F. Comont
(8)
,
Patrick de Clercq
(9)
,
René Eschen
(10)
,
Arnaud Estoup
(11)
,
Edward W. Evans
(12)
,
Benoît Facon
(11)
,
Mary M. Gardiner
(13, 14)
,
Artur Gil
(5)
,
Audrey A. Grez
(15)
,
Thomas Guillemaud
(16)
,
Danny Haelewaters
(17, 18)
,
Annette Herz
(19)
,
Alois Honěk
(20)
,
Andy G. Howe
(21)
,
Cang Hui
(6, 7, 22)
,
William D. Hutchison
(23)
,
Marc Kenis
(24)
,
Robert L. Koch
(23)
,
Ján Kulfan
(25, 26)
,
Lori Lawson Handley
(27)
,
Eric Lombaert
(16)
,
Antoon Loomans
(28, 29)
,
John Losey
(30)
,
Alexander O. Lukashuk
(31)
,
Dirk Maes
(3)
,
Alexandra Magro
(32)
,
Katie M. Murray
(33)
,
Gilles San Gil
(34)
,
Zdenka Martinková
(20)
,
Ingrid A. Minnaar
(6, 7)
,
Oldřich Nedvěd
(35)
,
Marina J. Orlova-Bienkowskaja
(36)
,
Naoya Osawa
(37, 38)
,
Wolfgang Rabitsch
(39)
,
Hans Peter Ravn
(21)
,
Gabriele Rondoni
(40)
,
Steph L. Rorke
(41)
,
Sergey K. Ryndevich
(42)
,
May-Guri Saethre
(43, 44)
,
John J. Sloggett
(45)
,
Antonio Onofre Soares
(5)
,
Riaan Stals
(46, 47)
,
Matthew C. Tinsley
(33)
,
Axel Vandereycken
(48)
,
Paul van Wielink
(49)
,
Sandra Viglášová
(1, 25, 26)
,
Peter Zach
(25, 26)
,
Ilya A. Zakharov
(50, 51)
,
Tania Zaviezo
(52)
,
Zihua Zhao
(53)
1
Centre for Ecology & Hydrology - Bush Estate
2 ARU - Anglia Ruskin University
3 INBO - Research Institute for Nature and Forest
4 ILVO - Research Institute for Agricultural, Fisheries and Food
5 cE3c - Centre for Ecology - Evolution and Environmental Changes
6 Stellenbosch University
7 Centre for Invasion Biology
8 Bumblebee Conservation Trust
9 UGENT - Universiteit Gent = Ghent University = Université de Gand
10 CABI, Delemont, Switzerland
11 UMR CBGP - Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations
12 USU - Utah State University
13 OSU - The Ohio State University [Columbus]
14 Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center
15 FAVET - Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences
16 ISA - Institut Sophia Agrobiotech
17 OEB - Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology [Cambridge]
18 Farlow Herbarium
19 JKI - Julius Kühn-Institut - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants
20 Crop research institute
21 IGN - Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen]
22 AIMS - African Institute for Mathematical Sciences
23 UMN - University of Minnesota [Twin Cities]
24 CABI Europe Switzerland
25 SAS - Slovak Academy of Sciences
26 Institute of Forest Ecology
27 University of Hull [United Kingdom]
28 Centre for Ecosystem Studies [Wageningen]
29 NPPO - National Plant Protection Organization
30 CU - Cornell University [Ithaca]
31 Berezinskiy Biosphere Reserve, Belarus
32 EDB - Evolution et Diversité Biologique
33 Biological and Environmental Sciences [Stirling]
34 CRA-W - Centre wallon de Recherches Agronomiques [Belgique] = Walloon Agricultural Research Centre [Belgium]
35 BIOLOGY CENTRE CAS - Institute of Entomology [České Budějovice]
36 A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution
37 Kyoto University
38 Graduate School of Agriculture
39 Umweltbundesamt GmbH = Environment Agency Austria
40 UNIPG - Università degli Studi di Perugia = University of Perugia
41 UKCEH - Centre for Ecology and Hydrology
42 Baranovichi State University
43 Bioforsk - Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research
44 NIBIO - Norsk institutt for bioøkonomi=Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research
45 Maastricht University [Maastricht]
46 South African National Collection of Insects
47 ARC-Plant Protection Research Institute
48 [FUSAGx] - Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech [Faculté universitaire des sciences agronomiques de Gembloux]
49 Auteur indépendant
50 RAS - Russian Academy of Science
51 Vavilov Institute of General Genetics
52 Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal [Chile]
53 CAU - China Agricultural University
2 ARU - Anglia Ruskin University
3 INBO - Research Institute for Nature and Forest
4 ILVO - Research Institute for Agricultural, Fisheries and Food
5 cE3c - Centre for Ecology - Evolution and Environmental Changes
6 Stellenbosch University
7 Centre for Invasion Biology
8 Bumblebee Conservation Trust
9 UGENT - Universiteit Gent = Ghent University = Université de Gand
10 CABI, Delemont, Switzerland
11 UMR CBGP - Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations
12 USU - Utah State University
13 OSU - The Ohio State University [Columbus]
14 Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center
15 FAVET - Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences
16 ISA - Institut Sophia Agrobiotech
17 OEB - Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology [Cambridge]
18 Farlow Herbarium
19 JKI - Julius Kühn-Institut - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants
20 Crop research institute
21 IGN - Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen]
22 AIMS - African Institute for Mathematical Sciences
23 UMN - University of Minnesota [Twin Cities]
24 CABI Europe Switzerland
25 SAS - Slovak Academy of Sciences
26 Institute of Forest Ecology
27 University of Hull [United Kingdom]
28 Centre for Ecosystem Studies [Wageningen]
29 NPPO - National Plant Protection Organization
30 CU - Cornell University [Ithaca]
31 Berezinskiy Biosphere Reserve, Belarus
32 EDB - Evolution et Diversité Biologique
33 Biological and Environmental Sciences [Stirling]
34 CRA-W - Centre wallon de Recherches Agronomiques [Belgique] = Walloon Agricultural Research Centre [Belgium]
35 BIOLOGY CENTRE CAS - Institute of Entomology [České Budějovice]
36 A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution
37 Kyoto University
38 Graduate School of Agriculture
39 Umweltbundesamt GmbH = Environment Agency Austria
40 UNIPG - Università degli Studi di Perugia = University of Perugia
41 UKCEH - Centre for Ecology and Hydrology
42 Baranovichi State University
43 Bioforsk - Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research
44 NIBIO - Norsk institutt for bioøkonomi=Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research
45 Maastricht University [Maastricht]
46 South African National Collection of Insects
47 ARC-Plant Protection Research Institute
48 [FUSAGx] - Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech [Faculté universitaire des sciences agronomiques de Gembloux]
49 Auteur indépendant
50 RAS - Russian Academy of Science
51 Vavilov Institute of General Genetics
52 Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal [Chile]
53 CAU - China Agricultural University
Helen E. Roy
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Tim Adriaens
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Isabel Borges
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Patrick de Clercq
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René Eschen
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Arnaud Estoup
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Edward W. Evans
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Benoît Facon
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Audrey A. Grez
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Thomas Guillemaud
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Danny Haelewaters
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Alois Honěk
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Cang Hui
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William D. Hutchison
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Eric Lombaert
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Dirk Maes
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Alexandra Magro
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Zdenka Martinková
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Oldřich Nedvěd
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Marina J. Orlova-Bienkowskaja
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Wolfgang Rabitsch
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Hans Peter Ravn
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Gabriele Rondoni
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Riaan Stals
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Ilya A. Zakharov
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Tania Zaviezo
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Résumé
The harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), is native to Asia but has been intentionally introduced to many countries as a biological control agent of pest insects. In numerous countries, however, it has been introduced unintentionally. The dramatic spread of H. axyridis within many countries has been met with considerable trepidation. It is a generalist top predator, able to thrive in many habitats and across wide climatic conditions. It poses a threat to biodiversity, particularly aphidophagous insects, through competition and predation, and in many countries adverse effects have been reported on other species, particularly coccinellids. However, the patterns are not consistent around the world and seem to be affected by many factors including landscape and climate. Research on H. axyridis has provided detailed insights into invasion biology from broad patterns and processes to approaches in surveillance and monitoring. An impressive number of studies on this alien species have provided mechanistic evidence alongside models explaining large-scale patterns and processes. The involvement of citizens in monitoring this species in a number of countries around the world is inspiring and has provided data on scales that would be otherwise unachievable. Harmonia axyridis has successfully been used as a model invasive alien species and has been the inspiration for global collaborations at various scales. There is considerable scope to expand the research and associated collaborations, particularly to increase the breadth of parallel studies conducted in the native and invaded regions. Indeed a qualitative comparison of biological traits across the native and invaded range suggests that there are differences which ultimately could influence the population dynamics of this invader. Here we provide an overview of the invasion history and ecology of H. axyridis globally with consideration of future research perspectives. We reflect broadly on the contributions of such research to our understanding of invasion biology while also informing policy and people.
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